Group Behaviour Meaning free essay sample

Gathering Behavior Meaning BY mohitl 2345 Group conduct importance Group conduct in human science alludes to the circumstances where individuals collaborate in enormous or little gatherings. The field of gathering elements manages little gatherings that may arrive at accord and act in a planned manner. Gatherings of an enormous number of individuals in a given zone may act at the same time to accomplish an objective that varies from what people would do acting alone (group conduct). A huge gathering (a group or crowd) is probably going to show instances of gathering conduct when individuals accumulated in a given spot and time act in a comparable way†for model, Joining dissent or walk, taking an interest in a battle or acting devotedly. Unique types of enormous gathering conduct are: * swarm panic * onlookers when a gathering of individuals assembled deliberately to take an interest in an occasion like performance center play, film, football coordinate, a show, and so on open special case to the standard that the gathering must possess the equivalent physical spot. We will compose a custom exposition test on Gathering Behavior Meaning or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page People watching same station on TV may respond similarly, as they are possessing a similar kind of spot before TV despite the fact that they may truly be doing this everywhere throughout the world. Gathering conduct varies from mass activities which alludes to individuals carrying on correspondingly on an increasingly worldwide scale (for instance, customers in various shops), while bunch conduct alludes for the most part to individuals in a single spot. On the off chance that the gathering conduct is facilitated, at that point it is called bunch activity. Multitude insight is an uncommon instance of gathering conduct, alluding to the collaboration between a gathering of specialists so as to satisfy a given undertaking. This sort of gathering elements has gotten a lot of consideration by the delicate registering network as the molecule swarm improvement group of calculations.

The Primal Scattering of Languages: Philosophies, Myths and Genders :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Primal Scattering of Languages: Philosophies, Myths and Genders Theoretical: In After Babel, George Steiner relates ‘two primary conjectures’ in folklore which clarify ‘the secret of numerous tongues on which a perspective on interpretation hinges.’ One such mythic story is the pinnacle of Babel, which Steiner, yet in addition Jacques Derrida after him, take as their beginning stage to move toward the topic of interpretation; the other guess recounts 'some terrible mistake [which] was submitted, an inadvertent arrival of etymological turmoil, in the method of Pandora’s Box' (Steiner). This paper will take this other guess, the legend of Pandora, first lady of the Greek creation fantasy, as its place of takeoff, not exclusively to offer a feminized variant of the basic dispersing of dialects, yet to revise in a positive light and along these lines additionally toreverse the negative and misanthrope relationship of Pandora with man’s fall. In any case, instead of uncovering the settled in male centric predisp osition in mythographers’ understandings of Pandora, my premier point is to present, through her figure, inquiries regarding language and lady, and, by augmentation, the native language and female sexuality. In After Babel George Steiner relates two primary guesses in folklore which clarify the puzzle of numerous tongues on which a perspective on interpretation pivots. One such mythic story is the pinnacle of Babel, which Steiner, yet additionally Jacques Derrida after him, take as their beginning stage to move toward the subject of interpretation; the other guess recounts some horrendous mistake [which] was submitted, an incidental arrival of phonetic turmoil, in the method of Pandora's Box (Steiner 1975:57). This paper will take this other guess, the fantasy of Pandora, first lady of the Greek creation legend, as its place of takeoff, not exclusively to offer a feminized adaptation of the base dissipating of dialects, however to modify in a positive light and along these lines additionally turn around the negative and misanthrope relationship of Pandora with man's fall. As opposed to receiving the patrilinear record Derrida or Steiner give as respects the starting point of interpretation, I will utilize the figure of Pandora to join, and revise, perspectives both of the Babel fantasy and the Oedipus legend. This is on the grounds that, while Babel is related with misfortune, the loss of one tongue, and Oedipus is related with come up short on, man's maiming nervousness, Pandora's case has been related with both: the danger of phonetic bedlam, for example the loss of comprehension, and the danger of lady's sexuality, I.

American Film Festivals

American Film Festivals US Film Festivals You Must Know Home›Informative Posts›US Film Festivals You Must Know Informative PostsOne can hardly deny the fact that the best movies in the history of humankind have been produced in the USA. Neither is there a reason to argue that pieces that can be claimed “the worst” also originate from the USA. Anyway, the fact remains that the movie production represents a large part of the American entertainment paradigm. Among all the things it has to offer, film festivals are the most beloved form of entertainment. So, let’s waste no more time and see what this whole hustle is about.American Film Festivals are next:Telluride Film FestivalEach autumn, artists, movie makers, and all the people who feel passionate about the cinema come to Telluride, which is a small mountainous town in Colorado, to show their work at what is claimed to be one of the world’s best film festivals. If you are tired of ubiquitous TV shows and want to admire independent films, this fe stival should be your number one destination.Palm Springs Film FestivalIt’s not only the beauty of the location, which is in the mountainous California, that makes this festival stand out, but also an astonishing line-up that features the majority of Foreign Film Oscar Submissions. That is why it’s considered to be a preparation point before the actual Oscar and holds one of the most prestigious places in the list of festivals.Los Angeles Film FestivalLos Angeles Film Festival boasts of more than 200 movies of different genres: from documentaries to music videos. However, sometimes it’s not the movie that is in the center of attention but all the hustle and bustle around the Red Carpet event and premiere nights, when all the favorites of the public stand in front of the cameras at their finest.Dances with FilmsUnlike the above mentioned festivals this one features mostly unknown works of yet little known authors. Nevertheless, it doesn’t mean that these works of art deserve less attention. On the contrary, this festival is considered as a platform where new talents are discovered and connections are made. Needless to say, its main advantage lies in the fresh outlook and absence of hackneyed topics.New York Film FestivalWith a long history, which dates back to 1963, this festival celebrates the art of cinema, avoiding the pressure of competition. It is also known as the second long-running festival in the USA.As you can see, America has a long lasting tradition of celebrating films, old as well as new. Hopefully, this years’ festival will present the works of art that will become our favorite in the nearest future.

Impact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This project focuses on the poverty profile in Nigeria, the foreign aids given to the nation to help alleviate poverty and how it affects the economic development of Nigeria. According to the World Bank website, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. It is not being able to go to school, not knowing how to read, and not being able to speak properly. Poverty is not having a job, and is fear for the future, and living one day at a time. It is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. And lastly, it is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.† Poverty is the inability to achieve a certain minimum standard of living. It is†¦show more content†¦By 1996, it was very obvious that urban poverty had become an increasing problem in Nigeria. For example, the number of people in poverty increased from 27% in 1980 to 46% in 1985. it declined slightly to 42% in 1992, and increased very sharply to 67% in 1996. In 1999, estimates showed that over 70% of Nigerians lived in poverty. The government then declared in November 1999 that the 470 billion naira budget for the year 2000 was â€Å"to relieve poverty.† By 1996, Nigeria had become the 13th poorest country in the world and occupied the 142nd rank on the human development index (HDI) scale. (World Bank, 1996) With the reforms, the real growth became positive but there was still a question whether the reform alleviated poverty; how far poverty was reduced. Foreign aid is the economic help provided to communities of countries due to the occurrence of a humanitarian crisis or for the achievement of a socioeconomic objective. There are two types of aids: Humanitarian aid is the immediate assistance given to individuals, organizations or government for emergency relief caused by war or natural disasters. Development aid is help given by developed countries to support economic or social development in developing countries so as to create long term sustainable economic growth. The sources of foreign aids include bilateral and multilateral aids. Bilateral aid is given by the government of one country directly to another. Multilateral aid is aid from an internationalShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagestrade liberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural poverty index jumped from 28.3 percent in 1980 to 48Read MoreSources Of Income For Individuals Developing Countries1498 Words   |  6 Pagestaxed. Indirectly, they enhance the purchasing power and improve the standard of living of recipients. Domina nt among these sources is the migrant remittance. Migrants’ economic remittance is an important and growing source of foreign funds for several developing countries. At present, these inflows have more than doubled the official aid received by developing countries (Kanu and Ozurumba 2013). If remittances sent through informal channels are included, then total remittances could be as much as 50Read MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthe white missionaries and colonizers landed into Nigeria. In the novel, Achebe explores the challenges that the local ‘Umuofia’ faced due to a sudden cultural imposition from the Europeans. The novel is also a representative of the wider picture of African cultures and the socio-economic changes that characterized the colonial era. Ideally, Achebe’s literary work shows clearly that the colonization, introduction of a foreign religion and foreign cultures threatened to tear apart the indigenous cultu resRead MoreNigeria And Angol African Countries Plagued By The Resource Curse1686 Words   |  7 PagesNigeria and Angola are both West African countries plagued by the resource curse. The countries are teeming with oil, ranking Nigeria as Africa’s largest oil producer and Angola as the second largest oil producer. In 2014 it was reported that Nigeria was responsible for producing 2.4 million barrels of oil per day and Angola produced 1.8 million barrels of oil per day. While these numbers have fluctuated greatly in the past, both countries still remain at the top as Africa’s oil producers. The productionRead MoreNeocolonialism: the Relationship Between Superpowers and the Developing World1622 Words   |  7 Pagesideology from superpowers has led to extreme inequalities between core and peripheral nations, which has resulted in an unstable relationship with the developing world. Neocolonialism is a geopolitical practice in which a superpower perpetuates its economic and political hegemony on underdeveloped nations. This indirect and ‘disguised’ Imperialism has continued in variable degrees between colonial powers and peripheral regions including Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. According to DrRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On African Nation1353 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty in Africa has strike the people living there extremely horrible. Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It holds about 1.1 million people, which is 15% of the world’s population. Poverty is about have not enough money to meet basic needs of living which includes food, clothing, and shelter. Being that Africa has a lack of the materials for a humans needs to have a role in society. Although over about 500 billion dollars is sent directly aid the African nation the money is beingRead MoreThe World And The Implications For Inequalities And Unevenness1429 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufactured goods and services that are produced in a certain part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. Also, international travel is more frequent and international communication is commonplace. â€Å"Globalisation is an economic tidal wave that is sweeping over the world.† It can’t be stopped, and as a result there are countries that are winners and losers. Multinational corporations in America have taken full advantage of the shrinking world by setting up factories in poorerRead MoreThe Current Youth Is The Future1431 Words   |  6 Pagesextremism violence that is taking over the youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. SSG Advisors is a development company with innovative approaches to development challenges, which strive to combine the private sectors and the community to act as partners instead of beneficiaries. With the current global development challenges, there is a demand for innovative and interconnected solutions that also address economic, environmental, and social factors to progress with sustainable results for both clients andRead MoreEconomic Growth And Development As A Tool For Poverty Alleviation2230 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Proponents and analysts of SD [sustainable development] need to clearly reject the attempts to focus on economic growth as a means to poverty removal and/or environmental sustainability† (Lele 1991: 618). Do you agree with this statement? Explain your position. Introduction The concept of ‘sustainable development’ is one that has faced heated debates for decades now. A seemingly harmless concept, it raises a lot of questions as to what it really entails and how exactly it can be achieved. ButRead MoreThe Impact of Globalization on Africas Social and Economic Conditions1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Globalization on Africas Social and Economic Conditions In the twentieth century, the phenomenon of globalization rapidly swept across the world forcefully and powerfully. The very concept of globalization is difficult to exactly define, as it has vast meanings to a vast number of people. Globalization is a relatively new term used to describe a very old process. It is a historical course of action that began with our human ancestors moving out of Africa to spread all over the globe

Battleship Potemkin versus the Birth of a Nation Essay

Aside from the similar visual styles of Battleship Potemkin and The Birth of a Nation, both films are examples of civil unrest during periods of political instability in a historical setting. Both movies take place during a national revolution and involve several instances of social turmoil and disturbance. The styles of these films can be contrasted by viewing their use of montage, focus, and basic film techniques in relation to thematic and constructive plot elements. The Birth of a Nation is a story about the consequences of the Civil War on the friendship of a northern and southern family. It expresses the effects of the war on their lives in relation to major historical and political events. This movie is directed by D.W.†¦show more content†¦An intense fascination with the editing style of D.W. Griffith led the director, Sergei Eisenstein, to create this film in the style that he did, and to transform the dynamic tension created by cross-cutting and parallel editing into the modern idea of the montage. This film employs the revolutionary use of montage as a furtherance of the collisions of ideas as symbolic representation. Historically, these films were reflections of true events that happened in the not so distant past. Both are propagandistic in nature, although only Potemkin was made to intentionally draw on the events it portrayed as a glorification of the past. Eisenstein felt that he could realistically commemorate the 1905 revolution in film form. Griffith, however, simply wanted to create a film that was a reflection on history. Although he did not intend for his film to be considered racist or condone the actions of the KKK, he does expressly cite his right to examine the ?dark side of wrong? in a plea on the opening title card of the film. (Dirks, ?The Birth of a Nation?) There is a scene in both films that is used as a representation to foreshadow the impending events. In Griffith?s work, the shot that is used to establish the premise of the film comes during a scene of a kitten being dropped in between two puppies on the southern plantation and the subtitle ?Hostilities.? This is an allusion to the ominous polarity

Hills Like White Elephants Essay Free Essays

In the story â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† the vague dialogue conveys an allusive tone, in order to be represented correctly the author puts more emphasis in the character’s interaction with the setting. The setting is at a stopping point before their final destination. The dialogue mainly transpires throughout between the Girl and the American. We will write a custom essay sample on Hills Like White Elephants Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This story is based around a vague dialogue, but is filled with the observations of the setting in order to express the pressure, significance, and opinions upon the subject at hand. In order grasp these messages, the reader interprets through the vivid imagery that is depicted by the author. The style of writing conveys this picture with an intended amount of clarity to leave the rest up to the reader to elucidate. This clarification is necessary in order for the reader to truly grasp the decision at hand and the weight of it as well. A metaphorical aspect of the setting is the â€Å"Elephant in the Room [2]†. This implies that there is a subject that no one truly wants to discuss, and is left there to fester within the subconscious of these two characters until they have finally reached their decision. Another extended metaphor throughout the story is â€Å"†¦Like White Elephants†. This symbol can be interpreted as a great gift given to a person, but it is also a heavy burden that most would not desire. At this time they are having the discussion on whether or not to have an â€Å"Operation†. There are four main aspects of the setting that reflect upon the tone. The first are the hills mentioned in the beginning of the story. The second is the isolation between the two characters within the train station, and this is mainly because of it’s opposition to the tone, The first part of the setting that is mentioned is the hills along the Ebro Valley that from their perspective has no shade or trees. The absence of shade represents the blatant manner of how the American goes about convincing the girl in this story. Over and over again he promises happiness if she agrees. The trees represent life she is considering having. The absence of shade also shows why there is an absence of trees. As the â€Å"sun† overwhelms the â€Å"trees† they start to wither away. For example, later in the story as another form of persuasion he says â€Å"I don’t want you to do it if you feel that way [1]† in order to coax her in to making the decision he wishes for without making it seem that he had any influence with it. This displays the American’s true intention to rid Jig and himself of the baby. The lack of shade may also symbolize the lack of thought the girl goes through for the American’s suggestions. For example, the girl does not speak Spanish and therefore relies on him in order to get her a drink, and after that she also asks him if a drink is good with water claiming that she couldn’t decide this on her own. Her dependency on the American in these situations indicates how reliant she is on him. This is an example of why she is so incapable of making such heavy decision. The second significant aspect of the setting is the Train station. The statement â€Å"the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. [3]† this has two significant observations. The first is the fact that the station is between two lines. This means that the conversation and the two’s relationship is at a â€Å"Stop† or a crossroad. At this point they are to make an important decision about whether or not to keep the baby. In this story you’ll notice the dialogue of the girl sounds somewhat ambivalent due to the way her decision sways back and forth. This is a prime example of why. What she sees on that side ultimately depicts the choice she is about to make. For example; in the story the reader may notice that there are â€Å"no trees† along the hillside. Later in the story the American is still busy trying to convince and then she gets up and she walks to the other side of the station she notices fields of prospering vegetation full of life alongside a flowing river whose viscosity emphasizes the idea of moving forward. These enticing promises from the American paired with the barren valley are dwarfed by the cornucopia of life seen within the field on the other. The juxtaposition between the two sides represents the heaviness of the choice on whether to give life or take it. The second tone-related characteristic of this station was the drinking between the American and the girl. As the girl and the American sat, she asked him what they should drink the American suggested alcohol. The beer was a way of escaping the serious discussion the two were trying to avoid. The alcohol was a method of getting around the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† with such dry small talk as â€Å"The beer is nice and cool [4]† or â€Å"They look like white elephants†¦.. I`ve never seen one†¦no you wouldn’t have [5]†. The girl points out that this routine of â€Å"look at thing and try new drinks? [6]†has grown tiring. This is the first change in her mood that is noticed, but after this small inquiry she recedes into her submissive nature continues this throughout most of the story. The third aspect of the setting that expresses the allusive tone is the juxtaposition between the two sides of the valley. This is another example of the reader relying on the setting in order to understand the representation of the tone. One of the sides features long white hills that resemble white elephants and are without shade or any trees. White Elephants are a symbol of burden, which anyone would normally abhor from. This mainly represents the American’s view on how this pregnancy will affect the two of them and how they’ll live. He states â€Å"We`ll be fine afterwards [7]† and â€Å"That’s the only thing that bothers us. [8]† in order to convince her about the positive things that will come out of this operation. The girl later retracts the statement about the hills looking like white elephants but states â€Å"They’re lovely hills†¦.. They don’t really look like white elephants. I just meant the coloring through the trees. 9]†. This portrays a sudden change within the girl; from being very submissive to what the American suggests (Reason why she sees the hills without trees and lifeless) to questioning the reason for avoiding the true matters at hand (Reason she now sees flaws in his logic and starts form optimistic views about how the baby should not hav e an effect on how their relationship functions. ). The trees on this side of the station ultimately resemble the life she can hope for, but the other side of the station represents a promise of homogenous happiness. This side is showcases the joys of not having to worry about the â€Å"One thing that makes unhappy†. The fields of grain and the river appeared to represent the progress that the American promised. While the girl stares into this auspicious land a cloud’s shadow is cast upon it. This shadow foretells the future that land that would prosper will have the shadow’s influence over, meaning the American will most likely take over her will and rid her of independent thought. Moreover there have already been examples of her relying on him for the simple decisions, and taking his desires as a primary concern instead of her own. The fourth aspect setting that reflects the allusive tone is the train. This part of the story conveys a sense of pressure to the story since it occurs within a time period of 40 minutes. Also since this in an unpopulated train station the sense of isolation also has an effect on the characters. This sense of isolation forces them to face the â€Å"Elephant in the Room† no matter how much they want and they must face it within the time frame. In order to avoid â€Å"talking with her† or communication between each other he speaks to her as if his attention was omewhere else. This explains why the American’s compelling reasoning is being heard over and over again. It’s mainly because he wants her to see his view and submit to his â€Å"Suggestion†. Once his suggestions fail he entices her with promises of affluence in the future by showing her the land and saying all this could be ours. The girl once again falls under the pressure of the time frame sh e has to make the choice and looking for relationship security, but after her acceptance of this the American perseveres with his insistence. In response the asks for silence or otherwise she’ll scream, this symbolizes the need for seclusion in order to steal away from the constant battering and pressure of another’s thoughts. The Woman then comes out with more alcohol in order to break the tension, also adds more pressure by saying â€Å"The train comes in five minutes. [10]†. Instead of reiterating his last point he decides to take the heavy bags to the other side of the station, and when he comes back he decides to sit at the bar instead of the table with the Girl. He asks her if she felt better now and she replies with â€Å"I feel fine†¦. There’s nothing wrong with me. I feel fine. [11]† This tells us that she has resolved the issue by herself and is ready to continue with what she desires. In conclusion, we see that the different parts of the setting portray different methods of expressing their decision due to the lack of direct dialogue. Through things such as scenery like the hills; the change in how she sees them represent how her forms and has changed from when the story started. It has also been depicted through how the different sides of the train station juxtapose one another. On one side prosperity and promising futures are seen, but on the other side the desolate, dry, and lifeless hills promise nothing but a lack of progression. Another way the train station represents the tone is the change in what the girl sees alongside the hill as she abjures her previous statement and restates the hills no longer seem like white elephants but only appear that way through the trees. This change in viewpoint shows how she is starting to no longer lean on the opinion of the American and form one of her own. This retraction of her statement also means that she no longer sees this birth as the burden or the â€Å"Only thing that makes us unhappy† anymore. And lastly the inclusion of a timeframe increase the amount of weight that is felt within the decision making process. The train shows why the American is trying to be overly-persuasive in this conversation in order to convince her to go through with the operation. Overall, Ernest Hemingway expresses the majority of the decision through the characteristics of the setting and how the characters are willing, unwilling, or unable to interact with one another. How to cite Hills Like White Elephants Essay, Essays

Sign Language an Example by

Sign Language by Expert Prof. Kifaru | 23 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Sign Language" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed According to the website of the Nebraska Department of Education, Sign Language is a another system of communication by using gestures as an alternative for the spoken or written means of interaction. It makes use of hand gestures, facial expressions, body positions, as well as other physical evidences. There are a lot of different sign languages depending on its origin. However, there is a widely accepted form, and this is the American Sign Language. For more specific words and signs, they may be referred to the more specific styles. Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment in time? Essay writer professionals recommend: Cheapest Essay Writing Company Review Essays For Money Best Essay Writing Service Essay Writer Service According to the National Science Foundation website, sign language is most important because it has become a means of understanding the true nature of human language. Furthermore, the same source mentioned that Sign Language also demonstrates two important parts of the human language. The first of which is that languages have different features, but they definitely share certain characteristics. The second is that all human beings are capable of communicating with other people through a specific language. These two aspects pointed out by the National Science Foundation are the basic information one should know about Sign Language as it stands as its backbones. In this light, his research paper is aimed to justify the claim that Sign Languages are important to society. The reasons behind this claim are that Sign Language is the primary communication system of deaf people. Second, it is also a tool used in early child development. Last, it is also a means of expressing one self. Discussion The initial purpose of polishing Sign Language is for the deaf to experience communication without having to say something. When one person is deaf, he or she is also rendered incapable of speaking. Besides their facial expressions and nonsensical sounds, the deaf are literally left with nothing. With this, a universalized system was created for them to be able to speak with other people who are also capable of using sign language as a mode of communication. This also enables a deaf person to share with other people his or her feelings and thoughts so that he or she is no longer enclosed in her own world. The hopes of the deaf people are lifted. The world that revolves around them is no longer silent and no longer do they see a never ending array of images that does not make sense. Although feelings can still be associated by the sense of vision and touch, their world is still too quiet for them to understand completely the reality he or she revolves in. According to Medicine.Net, for a normal person, the meaning of the words varies on the intonation used to speak those words. However, since there are people who were not as gifted to ever have a perception of sound, they rely on the images they see. It is important to continue Sign Language as an alternative to the common means of communication because not everyone is born with the sense of hearing. Having an abnormality or accident that eventually leads to ones deafness is not his or her fault. But it remains to be a problem. Although there are advances in science wherein the deaf are given the opportunity to hear again, it does not mean that the discovered procedure is applicable to all. That would leave Sign Language as the only means of communication left for these inpiduals. The second importance of having Sign Language is for early child development. According to an article from the website National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, sign languages is vital to early child development because the inpidual is still at the stage wherein their practices and thinking can easily influenced. When a child is born deaf, parents are called to make use of Sign Language. This way, these children are given the opportunity to grow and relate with his or her environment in what other people would assume as normal. According to the source, the only difference between deaf children and normal children is their hearing capabilities. But since they have a means of communicating with other people, he or she is able to maximize all the features they have. Nothing will be lacking if they are taught well. The source also mentioned that the children are not the only ones who would need to learn how to do Sign Language. It is just as vital for parents to know how to do the same thing. The logic is simple. The parents are the models these children would look up to, and it would be important that the parents would know what their children are saying. Likewise, they should be able to learn that language first so that they can share this with their children. It will not be just a learning experience, but it would also be another opportunity for both parties to bond together. Sign Language is important because if provides benefits to early child development. Since children are still at the age where their minds are still flexible to the changing times, when they are discovered deaf, Sign Language is the only other option that will provide them a normal childhood. Years of being given pity and taunts can cause trauma that can permanently damage their perspectives in life. But from the beginning of their childhood, when they are honed to become understanding about the realities of life, then the potential harm that can be reflected in their personality during their adulthood can be prevented. The third importance of sign language is its means to allow a person to express one's self without using words and sounds. Unlike other languages, sign language is not comprised of alphabets or concrete words. It makes use of visual representations. This means that sign language uses facial and hand gestures to describe something, in comparison to defining with words. As mentioned earlier, sign language is commonly used by deaf people as well as in early child development. But they are not the only ones who would use it. The other people they would be able to encounter would also use this kind of language so that they would also be able to understand each other. There are also times when people would insist on learning sign language just for fun. The interest is there, and inpiduals would just have to answer to that call of their interest. Although they did not need it, the fact that it is another avenue of expressions takes the matter of learning to a different level of consideration. According to website Essortment, with the use of sign language, an inpidual is not just a means of communication, but also of expression. Instead of telling someone how they feel, they make use of visual imagery, which includes facial expressions, hand spellings, gestures and hand spelling. The same source mentioned that the emotions that were bound by words were instead showed. With this, barriers are broken down. The process would have been expressive. It has become not just a communication system, but also a form of art, therapy, drama, and other non-traditional scenarios. It is no longer just for the hearing impaired, but also for hearing. Conclusion Sign languages are a means of getting ideas and messages across through facial expressions and hand gestures. The use of such language remains important today. The reasons behind this claim are that it allows deaf inpiduals to communicate with people who are not impaired of hearing. This kind of language removes the barrier between those who can and cannot hear. The second reason is that it is also used in early childhood development. When children are born impaired of hearing, they can still grow like a normal child who can hear would. The language will allow him to still be able to maximize their youth, and develop into a healthy person. The third reason is that it is a means of expressing oneself. Because the language is based on visual representations than words, it is able to show ones feeling than bound by words that can sometimes only tell so much. With sign language, emotions are better expressed. Sign language remains important in society because it offers benefits that many have neglected. While there are people who can hear normally, there are also those who cannot. The spoken word is not broad enough to help these inpiduals as well. Sign languages, with the abovementioned reasons, should remain as an optional avenue. Work Cited American Sign Language. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorder. 22 May 2008. 23 May 2008 . Glossary General. Nebraska Department of Education. 23 May 2008 Important facts about sign language. Sign Genius. 23 May 2008 http://www.signgenius.com/info-important-SL-facts.shtml>. Sign Language. Medicine.Net. 2008. 23 May 2008 . Sign Language Expression: the importance of gestures and facial expressions. Essortment. 23 May 2008 . Malone, Elizabeth. Sign Languages. National Science Foundation. 18 July 2005. 23 May 2008 .

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Facts about Celtic Christianity

20 Research Essay Topics Interesting Facts about Celtic Christianity If you are tasked with research writing on Celtic Christianity, then you will no doubt need a topic on which to write. Below are twenty topics which might be of use to you: Roman Christianity as the Foundation for Celtic Christianity in the Early Middle Ages The Defeat of Gaul and Vanishing of Mainland European-based Celtic Culture Factors Influencing Name Change from Celtic to Insular Culture Powerful Impact of Celtic Civilization on European Art Geographic Limitations of Christianity in Ireland First Signs of Christianity in Ireland during 3rd Century Destruction of the Mithraic Temple and Christian Rituals Why Were Celts Considered Recklessly Brave by Romans in Battle Druids and Their Indulgence in Ritual Sacrifices How Banning from Sacrifices Functioned as the Most Extreme Druid Punishment Power Held by Druids over Celtic Society Legend of St. Patrick’s Miraculous Power against Druidic Opponents La Tà ©ne Artwork with Stylized Animal Motifs v. Hallstatt Artwork Confederations among Celtic People Celtic Warrior Kings and Queens How Celtic Language and Culture Distinguished Celts from Other Europeans How Religion Tied Celtic People Together Decentralized Structure among Celtic Society Impact of Christianity on Pagan Priesthood in Celtic Society Why Attacking Druids was Taboo yet Done by Christian Romans Sample Research Essay: Roman Christianity as the Foundation for Celtic Christianity in the Early Middle Ages Although Ireland was never officially part of the Roman Catholic Church, the rise of Christianity in Rome is what laid the foundation for Celtic Christianity to develop. Little primary evidence remains of Celtic culture in Gaul prior to Roman occupation.   However, numerous secondary sources can be found pertaining to the Roman influence and early Christian development among the Celts. Rome first began as a small village that rose to become the seat of power for one of the greatest empires in the world. The early settlers along the peninsula influenced the Romans greatly, with the peoples they conquered. Romans were known for being innovators in culture, art, government and engineering. They were able to conquer the entire Mediterranean and the most part of Europe through warfare. Although the Romans initially persecuted Christians, Christianity would later become the official religion of the Roman Empire. The development of Rome was greatly influenced by geography. An important crossroads was located on the narrow Italian peninsula. Farmland was also plentiful. Strategically located inland on the hills directly along the Tiber River, Rome had numerous advantages. By the late 6th century they were able to overthrow the Etruscan kings and establish their own republic. This early republic was dominated by wealthy patrician landowners who served in the Roman Senate. Plebeians, male non-patrician Romans, were able to vote and serve in the army, but they were not able to marry patricians nor could they be elected. Rome was never able to establish a democracy, but universal standards of justice were developed that would later influence numerous other societies. Most of Italy was brought under Roman control over the course of several centuries. The main rival of Rome was Carthage, located in the Mediterranean. During the Third Punic War, Roma was able to finally defeat Carthage and dominate t he Mediterranean Sea. Few aristocrats dominated the state of Rome by the 2nd century B.C. As a result of the fact that few small farmers could compete, there was an outcry for land reform. These pressures were resisted by aristocrats and civil war erupted. During the First Triumvirate, power was placed in the hands of three generals, all of whom were wealthy. It was one of these generals, Julius Caesar, who would march on Rome along with his troops and eventually become a dictator. When he was assassinated, his rule came to an end. Octavian became emperor during the Second Triumvirate and was known as Emperor Augustus. During this time the civil wars ceased and the Roman Empire was able to expand until the Empire had a population of 50 million. Commerce and trade thrived during this time. In many regards the Romans mimicked Greek culture. They were also able to develop their own sculpture and create extensive methods of engineering in their construction of roads, aqueducts and bridges. While in early Rome, the male head of the household had absolute authority, that authority began to wane by the 3rd century B.C.   At that time women gained the ability to obtain a divorce and began to enjoy more independence. Christianity began to emerge during a period of significant unrest in Judea, a Roman province. Numerous Jews in the region began to follow Jesus, although many remained split on how to respond. He was seen by many as a possible revolutionary and eventually he was turned over to the Roman authorities after being denounced by a Jewish court. Christianity began as a small sect religion following his death, which quickly began to spread. A Jewish Roman citizen, Paul of Tarsus, preached Christianity throughout Asia Minor as well as along the Aegean coast to both Jews and non-Jews. Although Romans had been historically tolerant of other religions, Christianity was viewed as a threat to the state. As a result, Christians were often persecuted. During the 4th century, the emperor Constantine offered tolerance of the Christian religion, which would eventually set the stage for Christianity to be adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire. After the death of Marcus Aurelius, the confusion and conflict that followed was fraught by civil wars, invasions and plague. As a result, the empire was brought to the edge of collapse. The empire was temporarily stabilized by Constantine through reforms, tight controls and even coercion. The empire was divided into four units when Diocletian declared that it was too large to be ruled by a single emperor. In the eastern part of the empire, Byzantium became the capital. Two invading tribes, the Visigoths and the Vandals, later tore apart Rome. In the western region, the emperor was deposed by invaders, marking the fall of the Western Roman Empire. References: Bradley, Ian C.  Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999. Print. Cooper, Michael. Missiological Reflections On Celtic Christianity.  Mission Studies  20.1 (2003): 35-55. Web. de Waal, E. Book Review: Celtic Christianity And Nature.  Theology  100.795 (1997): 222-223. Web. Donnelly, Jason M. Early Celtic Christianity By Brendan Lehane.  Religious Studies Review  34.3 (2008): 214-214. Web. Duncan, Anthony Douglas.  The Elements Of Celtic Christianity. Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element, 1997. Print. Kelly, Fergus, ed.  Audacht Morainn. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976. Meek, D. E. Book Review: Celtic-Inspired Revivalist Movements, Celtic Christianity: Making Myths And Chasing Dreams.  The Expository Times  111.3 (1999): 100-101. Web. Meek, Donald E.  The Quest For Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 2000. Print. Murphy, Gerard, ed.  Early Irish lyrics: eighth to twelfth century. Four Courts Pr Ltd, 1956. OMeara, John J. The Voyage of St Brendan: Journey to the Promised Land. (1978): 31.

How to write a great two-page resume

How to write a great two-page resume For decades, there were some hard-and-fast rules about how you should write a resume: good-quality stationery, a rigid reverse-chronological format, only one page long. But as hiring and applying have changed over the past 10-15 years by going digital, so have those rules. What the â€Å"rule† now comes down to is this: your resume should be a lean, mean snapshot of your professional life. Most resumes are read either by robots or people using different devices, so the length is now much less of an issue. After all, an applicant tracking system doesn’t care how long your resume is- it cares about what’s in it. So let’s walk through some strategies for crafting a great two-page resume.4 steps to writing a long resume to get you hired1. Focus on content over lengthUnless you’re making an academic CV or an IMDB page, you don’t need to include everything you’ve ever done. That said, one page can feel like an artificial constraint. The happ y medium is expanding slightly to go in-depth where necessary (like your skills or your work experience) without having to obsess over fractional font sizes and margins that end up looking ridiculous. Tailor your work experience bullet points to the job you’re applying for now, including only relevant information.With two pages you have a bit more space to play with, but you should still give careful consideration to which elements you want to include. For example, two pages may give you more space up front to craft a significant summary statement instead of a pithy one-line objective. Use your extra space to make your narrative even clearer.2. Use the extra space to your advantageToo much white space can make a resume look skimpy, but some white space is also key for readability. Even if your resume goes through automated system to identify it for further rounds of review, it will (ideally) make it to a pair of human hands at some point. This means it has to be functionally good, but also presentable. Use your two pages to create a clear outline, with well-defined bullet points that are concise and easy for any reader to follow.Resumes that look like solid bricks of text often end up in the â€Å"I don’t have time for this† pile, so an eye-catching, highly readable format will help you position your resume well. Remember that the average hiring manager spends mere seconds looking at a resume to start, so you want to grab and keep attention any way you can. Boosting readability is an easy way to do this.3. Make your resume a cohesive documentYou don’t need to put your full contact info on each page, but it’s not a bad idea to include page numbers in a footer or a header, with your email address on the second page. That way, if your resume gets printed but the pages are somehow separated, the reader won’t be left mystified about why your work experience suddenly leaves off in the middle of 2015.4. Make sure you’re telling a storyYou’re asking the reader to stick with you through more than one page of text, so it’s important to stay on message and make sure you’re using every inch of that space to sell yourself. Start your resume by setting a clear message (again, a summary statement or an objective really helps here), and make sure that every section of your resume supports that story.A two-page resume is an opportunity to expand on your experience and achievements, and declutter your crowded one-page resume. As long as you pay careful attention to what you’re including and how, it can be a great asset for your job hunt.

Business Management and Information System Essay

Business Management and Information System - Essay Example The article specifically outlines ten events and forces that have led to this. Out of these ten events and forces, all bar one – fall of the Berlin Wall – have been enhanced by ICTs. This paper uses the principles of business process reengineering (BPR), enterprise resource planning (ERP), and knowledge management to critique the ideas Friedman’s raised in this article. Business process engineering The world is increasingly being driven by customers, competition and change. These three challenges have necessitated companies to be constantly on the lookout for new solutions to their business problems, hence the emergence of business process reengineering (BPR). In his book, â€Å"Business @ the Speed of Thought†, Bill Gates states that the 1980s was about quality, the 1990s about reengineering and the 2000s about speed. It is this speed of innovation independent of location that Friedman speaks of with regards to the emerging economic powers of China, India , and Russia that America must be wary of. BPR is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed (Muthu et al., 1999). The purpose of which is to redesign the strategic and value added processes that transcend organizational boundaries. IT is a key enabler of BPR, an attribute that is manifest in the roles that it plays: before the process is designed, while the process design is underway, and after the design is complete (Attaran, 2004). Friedman points out that misnomer that many Americans have been led to or lead themselves to believe that China, India, et al are racing them to the bottom whereas in actual sense they are racing the US to the top. These emerging economic powers have rich educational heritages an ambitious youth and access to work experience from leading corporations that have outsourced, offshored to their countries and access to a wide range of information over the Internet. According to Friedman (2005) American multinationals previously outsourced and offshored to minimize cost but now it is because they are unable to find the talent they need locally so they source it abroad. The seven principles of BPR according to Hammer 1990 are: outcome orientation, integration, local responsibility, pooling or resources, fasten processes, empowering and control, and reducing data duplication. Outcome orientation implies that the organisation needs to organize around outcomes and not tasks. The goal is not just to focus on a few things at a time, but to focus on the right things, to target those activities that will make the biggest impact in terms of customer perceived value. Outsourcing – one of the forces that has led to flattening of the world – is focused on moving those activities that are not core to the company to be done by companies that can perform them better and cheaper. Out sourcing improves efficiency and reduces cost. Another ICT-driven force that Friedman cites as a world flattener is offshoring. Offshoring is the migration of jobs, but not the people who perform them, from rich countries to poor ones. It is also referred to as offshore outsourcing and works much in the same way as outsourcing. It is almost obvious that organizations that hope to

After CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTSS, the us social movement of the 1960s and Article

After CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTSS, the us social movement of the 1960s and 70s - Article Example The focus gears toward the point that it was through a series of historical incidents and the aggressiveness for change that women’s rights had been recognized and that choices, which had not been available before, is now a part and parcel of a woman’s everyday life in America. The narrative highlighted the typical woman of the 1950s whose duty as a homemaker offers no other viable option except child rearing. The women of that era had the singular choice of getting married and then staying at home to care for her husband and their children. As the man sets out to provide for the family, the wife stays at home and tends to the domestic needs of the family. The book, The Feminine Mystique, by Betty Friedan enlightened on the shared emptiness and dissatisfaction that housewives share because of a lack of endeavors. This ignites the kindled spirits of the 1960s which formed the Women’s Liberation and the very foundation of radical feminism (â€Å"Makers: Women Who Make America Part I Awakening†). These notions were further challenged by brave women who had the courage to question societal norms and the view of women as second-class citizens to the 1970s when job options remained limited. In the tennis match dubbed The Battle of the Sexes, between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs, the former shattered Riggs’ hubris as a woman beats him in the highly publicized game. As King said herself, â€Å"That night it wasn’t about tennis. It was about history. It was about social change† (â€Å"Makers: Women Who Make America Part II Changing the World†). Similarly, women’s newfound power were shown through the focus on contraceptives, specifically pills, where the power to decide is now lodged with the woman. This is also supported by the Supreme Court Decision in Roe vs. Wade where a decision for abortion within the first trimester of the pregnancy is left to the discretion of the woman and her physician. The interviews of women who were part

Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Ishmael When I read Daniel Quinn’s works, Ishmael, Providence, The Story of B, and My Ishmael, I find a common theme woven throughout which is to desconstruct the moderinistic myth that we are apart from nature and therefore not subject to natural law. I don’t find Quinn’s ideas to be much different from what I read into David Orr’s Earth in Mind or David Ehrenfeld’s books Beginning Again and The Arrogance of Humanism. I doubt that Quinn, as a writer, thinks for one minute that we are no different from other species who inhabit Earth. Language separates us, and writers probably know that better than the rest of us. Maybe I shouldn’t have grabbed his quotes out of context. Or maybe you had some other reason to be so quick to criticize Quinn. If the use of the word â€Å"stewardship† really â€Å"instills a healthy dose of love and responsibility for the natural world,† as you suggest it does, I don’t believe Quinn or Ehrenfeld or Orr would have many problems with our using it as platform for discussion to move forward. But I suspect that all three writers are fearful that most of us don’t differentiate between â€Å"stewardship† and â€Å"dominion,† also that our â€Å"stewardship† will likely not be practiced with enough humility--e.g. use of â€Å"precautionary principles,† recognition of how little we really know--to make it a useful starting point. If we stay with "stewardship" it will be up to us to prove them wrong. Assuming, of course, that they would agree with what I’ve alleged on their behalf. Does this mean we ought to throw away science or management, or even abandon the word â€Å"stewardship?† No, at least "no" with regard to science and management. I still wonder about our choice to use the word â€Å"stewardship.† Mostly I’m OK with it, but only if we take time to work through the baggage it carries. Mainly, though, we need to challenge theories, assumptions, and try to make sure they are grounded. â€Å"Grounding† theory and practice in pluralistic reality is what my favorite postmodern writers seem to be challenging us to do. But herein hides a problem. My problem. Perhaps the writers I am referring to – Anderson, Borgmann (Crossing the Postmodern Divide), Ehrenfeld, Merchant (The Death of Nature, Ecology: Key Concepts in Critical Theory), Orr, Quinn and others – don’t fit the label â€Å"postmodern deconstructionists. Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Quinn's Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Ishmael When I read Daniel Quinn’s works, Ishmael, Providence, The Story of B, and My Ishmael, I find a common theme woven throughout which is to desconstruct the moderinistic myth that we are apart from nature and therefore not subject to natural law. I don’t find Quinn’s ideas to be much different from what I read into David Orr’s Earth in Mind or David Ehrenfeld’s books Beginning Again and The Arrogance of Humanism. I doubt that Quinn, as a writer, thinks for one minute that we are no different from other species who inhabit Earth. Language separates us, and writers probably know that better than the rest of us. Maybe I shouldn’t have grabbed his quotes out of context. Or maybe you had some other reason to be so quick to criticize Quinn. If the use of the word â€Å"stewardship† really â€Å"instills a healthy dose of love and responsibility for the natural world,† as you suggest it does, I don’t believe Quinn or Ehrenfeld or Orr would have many problems with our using it as platform for discussion to move forward. But I suspect that all three writers are fearful that most of us don’t differentiate between â€Å"stewardship† and â€Å"dominion,† also that our â€Å"stewardship† will likely not be practiced with enough humility--e.g. use of â€Å"precautionary principles,† recognition of how little we really know--to make it a useful starting point. If we stay with "stewardship" it will be up to us to prove them wrong. Assuming, of course, that they would agree with what I’ve alleged on their behalf. Does this mean we ought to throw away science or management, or even abandon the word â€Å"stewardship?† No, at least "no" with regard to science and management. I still wonder about our choice to use the word â€Å"stewardship.† Mostly I’m OK with it, but only if we take time to work through the baggage it carries. Mainly, though, we need to challenge theories, assumptions, and try to make sure they are grounded. â€Å"Grounding† theory and practice in pluralistic reality is what my favorite postmodern writers seem to be challenging us to do. But herein hides a problem. My problem. Perhaps the writers I am referring to – Anderson, Borgmann (Crossing the Postmodern Divide), Ehrenfeld, Merchant (The Death of Nature, Ecology: Key Concepts in Critical Theory), Orr, Quinn and others – don’t fit the label â€Å"postmodern deconstructionists.

A Newsletter About Solutions and Creating Exceptional Value Essay

High Impact Projects A Newsletter About Solutions and Creating Exceptional Value Software Company Narrows Focus from 1 Million Prospects to 40 – Closes 30 Sales in First Year! After 3 Years of Revenues Less than $2 Million, Sales Soar to $75 Million in 4 Years! Systems Produce Paybacks for Clients of more than 10-to-1 Stopped Trying to Sell to Information Technology Department – Found Line Executives With An Urgent Need to Buy CEO Found a Way to Reduce Risk and Capture Financial Upside A Repeatable Pattern Emerges Compiled by Tom Ingram, PMPi Before Jeff Miller took over as CEO, Documentum had suffered three years of flat revenues, never exceeding $2 million per year. After Miller took over, the next year’s sales increased to $8 million, followed by $25 million, $45 million, $75 million and an IPO in subsequent years. Granted, these were the boom years – but this success story carries some essential lessons which I have seen work in several other settings over the years. Below is a summary of these key lessons from several sources, including a Harvard Business School case study. None of this is easy. Documentum went through a period when it was burning $1 million per quarter, with only $4 million in cash reserve, and only two new customers. Success in the intangible, â€Å"black magic† world of software is difficult, and my hope is that you can take some useful lessons away from this summary. Following are some of the things that worked for them. Narrowed Their Focus from â€Å"everyone in the world that touches complex documents† to a â€Å"rifle shot.† Documentum chose to focus initially on the regulatory affairs departments of Fortune 500 pharmaceutical companies. This narrowed their universe of prospects from some 500,000 to only 40 companies worldwide. Urgent Need to Buy: Documentum was able to identify buyers in extreme pain due to the regulatory paperwork requirements for submitting new drugs for approval. They focused on finding prospects that were in a situation where (1) regulatory requirements created much pain, (2) prospects demanded a solution and (3) the solution could represent a significant competitive advantage. Documentum closed 30 out of 40 initial target prospects in the first year! Help for Struggling Software Companies tom@tomingraminc.com 972-394-5736 Newsletter #25 July 2004 Page 1 TOM INGRAM & ASSOCIATES, Inc. Huge Payback for Customer Every day that was saved in drug approval application time resulted in a $1 million incremental profit for Documentum’s clients. The system reduced drug approval application time from 1 year to approximately six months. Average profit per day of $1 million times 128 days saved = $128 million in incremental profits per drug application. A typical system might cost $4 Million – Resulting in a 32-fold Payback! Target Buyer: Documentum discovered that their target buyer was not the Information Technology (IT) department! IT departments are often happy with the status quo – while line executives are not. They also discovered that executives and department managers were really the ones that drove the priorities for IT. Documentum stopped trying to sell to IT department buyers and focused on line executives with a problem and a budget. I will add that I have seen this to be true in dozens, if not hundreds, of instances in my 24 years in the technology and software business. The boom times of the ‘90s were a slight exception to this rule. The IT department was buying a great deal, and companies got used to   selling to the IT department. When reality came crashing down upon us, and the techbubble burst in the early 2000’s, this aberration disappeared. I will note that this is an   extremely difficult shift for companies to make because their sales force, including sales executives, and even the CEO, often have experience only selling to the IT department – they have no skills, credibility or capacity to sell to line executives. Picking the Initial Target Niche: One of the key issues in picking the initial target niche is the size of payback to the customer. By focusing on the area which your customer has the greatest payback, they have the most to gain economically from purchasing from you quickly. Assuming you can consistently deliver this payback, it is much easier to get Niche 2, Niche 3 and Niche 4 going after you have a strong set of happy customers behind you. Subsequent Niches: After Documentum’s initial success in the regulatory affairs department, they spread to other niches in every department within pharmaceutical companies. (regulated chemicals, oil refineries, etc.) This included a big win in the document management area for oil and gas exploration and production companies, where Documentum helped them manage the property/lease/royalty paperwork. This approach is often called the bowling pin model, because you set up the initial niche as a â€Å"headpin†, knock it down and that makes it substantially easier to â€Å"knock down the following pins†. This approach also helps you keep a controlled risk (or cash burn rate) by requiring the software company to demonstrate that it can find and close customers with an urgent need to buy, one niche at a time. Changes to Software Product Offered: Note that Documentum had the discipline to stay focused on the needs of very tightly defined sets of customers. They started in the regulatory affairs departments of pharmaceutical companies, and slowly spread, niche-by-niche (bowling pin-by-bowling pin)   to other departments and other industries. It is critical to recognize that Documentum invested its precious cash in software product enhancements only for these customers. The Harvard Business Review Case highlights a particular situation where Documentum declined a $2 million order because it would have required them to make Help for Struggling Software Companies tom@tomingraminc.com 972-394-5736 Newsletter #25 July 2004

How to Conjugate Retourner (To Return) in French

The French verb  retourner  is one of seven ways to say to return in French. Its a very useful word and easy to remember because it looks and sounds like its English equivalent. It is also based on the French  tourner, which means to turn. Yet, before you use it in grammatically correct sentences, youll need to learn its conjugations. This lesson will introduce you to the most basic of those. The Basic Conjugations of  Retourner Retourner is a regular -er verb, so it follows the same conjugation pattern as the majority of French verbs. That does make it significantly easier than most French verb conjugations, especially if youve already studied similar verbs like donner (to give), arriver (to arrive), or countless other words. Its always best to begin with the indicative mood when studying a new verb. This will allow you to use it in the present, future, and imperfect past tenses and these should cover almost any use you may have. Using the verb stem (or radical)  retourn- and the chart, you can learn which endings to add that are appropriate to both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. For example, I am returning is  je retourne  and we will return is  nous retournerons. Practice these in context whenever returning something and youll find them much easier to memorize. Present Future Imperfect je retourne retournerai retournais tu retournes retourneras retournais il retourne retournera retournait nous retournons retournerons retournions vous retournez retournerez retourniez ils retournent retourneront retournaient The Present Participle of  Retourner When you add -ant  to the verbs radical, you form the  present participle  retournant. Not only is it a verb, it may also be an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. Retournerin the Compound Past Tense A common way to express the past tense of returned is with the passà © composà ©. This is a compound, which means you need the auxiliary verb à ªtre as well as the past participle retournà ©. To form this, begin by conjugating  Ãƒ ªtre into the present tense, then attach the past participle to indicate that someone or something has already returned. For example, I returned is  je suis retournà ©Ã‚  and we returned is  nous sommes retournà ©. More Simple Conjugations While the conjugations above should be your first priority, you may need to use  retourner  in other simple forms. Each of these has special usages, from questioning the act with  the subjunctive  to saying its dependent on something else with  the conditional. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses, though theyre also good to know. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je retourne retournerais retournai retournasse tu retournes retournerais retournas retournasses il retourne retournerait retourna retournt nous retournions retournerions retournmes retournassions vous retourniez retourneriez retourntes retournassiez ils retournent retourneraient retournrent retournassent Exclamations such as Return! use  the imperative form  in French. When using these, the subject pronoun is not required, so you can simplify it to Retourne ! Imperative (tu) retourne (nous) retournons (vous) retournez